![]() It argues: first, that the popularity and appeal of Islamism in Indonesia and Malaysia cannot be understood without appreciating how these social movements have enabled and facilitated mobilization and second, that it is precisely these roots in civil societal mobilization that account for the enduring influence of Islamist politics evident in how Islamic social movements have shaped and transformed the political landscape. How did this take place, and to what ends? Drawing on social movement theories, this Element explains this transformation by focusing on key Islamic social movements in these two countries. In his capacity as a diplomat, he represented his homeland in Pakistan, Iraq, the United States of America, the Federal Republic of Nigeria, the Republic of Turkey, the People's Republic of Bangladesh, Nepal, and finally as Saudi ambassador to Malaysia.Islamism in Indonesia and Malaysia has undergone a fascinating transformation from social movement roots to mainstream politics. And his grand son, Fouad Abdulhameed Alkhateeb, was a Saudi Arabian ambassador, humanitarian, author, and businessman. His son, Sheikh Abdulhameed Alkhateeb, was the first Saudi Arabian ambassador to the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. His son Abdulmalik Alkhatib was an ambassador of the Ashraf to Egypt. His eldest son Abdulkareem owned a book store in Makkah. Through his Minangkabau students who studied in Mecca and well as those he taught in Indonesia, he encouraged a modified Minangkabau culture based on al-Quran and the Sunnah. Īlthough Ahmad Khatib was an orthodox Sunni Muslim, he still hoped to reconcile the matrilineal system in Minangkabau with the laws of inheritance prescribed in the Quran. ![]() ![]() Many Indonesian Islamic reformist leaders learned from him, including Ahmad Dahlan, as founder Muhammadiyah and Hasyim Asyari, as founder Nahdlatul Ulama. He served as the head ( imam) of the Shafi'i school of law at the mosque of Mecca ( Masjid al-Haram). He was born in Koto Tuo, Dutch East Indies on 6 Dzulhijjah 1276 H (1860 M) and died in Mecca, Ottoman Empire on 8 Jumadil Awal 1334 H (1916 M). Shaikh Ahmad Khatib al-Minangkabawi (1860 – 1916) was a Minangkabau Islamic teacher. ![]()
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